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Filmmaking, Leadership
Volunteer cast and crew aren’t necessarily known for their reliability.
Sometimes, people fail to show up, for whatever reason. Other times, they are very late, and they might be unruly, unfocused, and difficult to imagine.

This isn’t what you want, of course.

You are passionate about your project and want it to go smoothly. So, what do you need to do in order to avoid most of these issues?

I explain in the below video the 2 big things you need to focus on in order to:

Avoid potential unreliable volunteers…

…find the kind of people who will make good volunteers,

…how to get good performance out of your volunteer cast & crew,

…and how to keep them coming back to work with you again.



If you’d like a more in-depth look at how to build a strong team of people around you, check out this breakdown of how to build a rockstar team that will go the extra mile for you.



Getting reliable volunteers & good performance
1. Try not to work with your non-film interested friends and family. Find people who have a personal interest and stake in what you are doing. These people are…

2. Find aspiring filmmakers, actors, and crew. They want to keep a good reputation in the community, work with you again, and gain experience. They will show up on time and do a good job if they are serious.

3. You can get unpaid cast and crew to do professional work. If you start and finish on time, take care of basic needs like shelter, safety, water, and food, and basically stick to your word, people will enjoy working with you, say good things about you, and want to work with you again.

Best of luck to you, and if you have any questions, drop me a line!
0

Directing, Self-Development
You dream of directing. You can see the lights, the camera… the action!
Whether it be directing commercials, short films, or one day, directing feature films, you have a big dream.

Your dream is attainable. As many before me have said, it is no easy path–but it is doable with consistency and hard work. However, even if you have the drive and energy to do what it takes, it’s hard to aim that energy if you aren’t sure where to get started.

I plan to point you in the right direction. word-image These items are basically what I’ve done to get where I am today.

If you put time into growing and learning new skills, you can become an effective storyteller and leader; a movie director.

For now, I’ll assume that you’re really starting from zero and haven’t made a lot of progress toward your goal, but you’re ready to start.



1. Should I go to film school, or figure it out myself?
There’s not much that hasn’t been said on this topic, but it’s still a very popular question because it’s often where aspiring filmmakers get hung up (and it’s a big decision, so no surprise there).

Here’s the disappointing answer: It depends.

There are pros and cons both to film school and self-teaching.

Basically, they look like this:

Pros – Film School:

– Access to network with many passionate, creative, driven individuals (some, but not all of your classmates)
– Access to mentors right away in your instructors (with varying quality based on school)
– Use of school equipment for class projects (varies by school)
– A step-by-step walkthrough of filmmaking fundamentals
– Learning the ‘right’ way to do things (the Hollywood industry standard)
– Learn lots of theory and understand why things work how they do

Cons – Film School:

– Cost of school and debt (unless you get financial assistance or scholarships)
– Can get stuck in the Hollywood mindset of how to do things (‘they must be done this way!’)
– Time is utilized as dictated by your courses
– If you aren’t mature yet, you may waste time in money in school if you aren’t focused
– If the school isn’t great, you may not do enough hands-on practice to apply the theory you learned


Pros – Self-Teaching:

– Flexibility to approach filming however you like
– Learn to think outside the box and use unusual solutions, not pre-taught answers
– Spend your money on your films and practice instead of school (or just save the money and shoot on the cheap)
– Avoid potential debt of school
– Forced to network more and increase people skills in order to meet collaborators
– You focus on and learn what works on screen

Cons – Self-Teaching:

– No classes, teachers, or structure to compel you to do the legwork for your learning
– No special guidance from people unless you go out of your way to find mentors
– Don’t necessarily learn the finer elements of technique due to less theory learning

What did I do?


I learned most of what I know through self-education and hands-on practice.

I did not go to film school. I wrote, shot, edited, and repeated for four years.

Then, I finally caved and went to film school for a full semester.

I also took a handful of random night classes in film over the next few months. I learned some additional skills and made a couple films, but then decided it would be better for me to continue on my own.

The fact is that your circumstances will vary. However, there are so many wonderful (and often free) online resources out there, and more all the time.

It’s worth checking them out before you make a decision. If you’d like to read people’s thoughts on film school, here’s the Reddit thread you need.



2.  Get on any film set you can, in any role
What does this do for you? Immersion.

Student. Professional. Intern. Actor. Background actor. Whatever.

By getting on a ton of sets and experiencing different things, you will be immersing yourself into the practices of filmmakers.

As with those learning a second language and living within a foreign country, you too will learn more quickly if you live in the filmmaking environment.

You’ll pick up on their lingo, language, methods of communication, learn the function of equipment, see good and bad practices, and much more. 1378304_723601087656020_616885665_n Even if you are an unpaid Production Assistant and you don’t do a whole lot, soak it all in.

Observe your surroundings and take note.

I remember the very first set I was on. I volunteered to be an extra for a film student’s final project, a WWII short drama following a Soldier on his way home from war. I couldn’t have known that this was a student film by what I experienced.

It was so out of my league that I was starstruck. I thought it was amazing. I got a feel for the environment, how crew went back and forth, constantly communicating, each handling their own specific tasks.

It was very much worthwhile.



3.  Get experience in different crew roles
Experiment!

On my first set, I was an extra. Then, a script supervisor (‘sure, I can do that!’, I said, having never done it before) for a 4 day student film shoot. After that, I was a grip. I distinctly remember carrying, by hand, a 50+ pound box of camera jib weights, about half a mile through sand. That was a multiple day shoot for a student film.

Then I was a gaffer, assistant camera, and so on.

This is highly valuable for a director for several reasons.

First, when you get started, you won’t always have all the crew you need.

It’s going to help you a lot to know how to jump in and, with some competence, light an actor, set up a piece of equipment, break down a script, and so on. What’s the alternative, to give up? That’s obviously not an option, so the next best thing is to give it your best shot–and it helps to be well-rounded.

Second, as you grow and work with more crew, you will be a better director.


No one expects the director to be an expert at everything.

However, if you understand the basics of what each of your crew does, you will be able to speak their language. You will have an easier time knowing what to ask from them, what they need, how to make their experience pleasant, and much more.

Ultimately, this leads to better teamwork, a more streamlined shoot, and a higher quality film.



4.  Self-educate with books, videos, articles, and courses
This is pretty straightforward. If you want to become good at anything, you have to dedicate some time to learning.

Absorb the knowledge and wisdom of filmmakers past by consuming their content. There’s decades of valuable knowledge out there. Personally, I love to read, and some of the greatest knowledge I’ve gained as a director was from these books.

Just remember: Practice without learning from others experience leads to making mistakes you can avoid. However, book-learning and theory without hands-on, real application and practice leads nowhere.

Don’t let reading articles and watching videos become a method of procrastination. Get out there and make films! That leads me to my next point…



5.  Write, shoot, edit, collaborate, repeat
This is where things get real! In the end, a director is a storyteller.

Yes, a good director is many things – a leader, a manager, a diplomat, an organizer, a motivator… But while that is all important, it happens behind the scenes.


What people see is the story that unfolds before them. Ultimately, the only way for you to become a good storyteller – and director – is to practice telling stories in your medium.

You must write, shoot, edit, and repeat. With each iteration, though you will make painful mistakes and criticize yourself harshly, you will be growing in leaps and bounds with each project. Whether you write, shoot, and edit a scenario, a short scene, a skit, or an entire short film, you need to practice.

Here’s my last note. While I stole the mantra ‘write, shoot, edit, repeat’ from Film Riot (because it’s a great catchphrase), the ‘collaborate’ bit is my own addition.


Here’s why I say ‘write, shoot, edit, collaborate, repeat’.

Practice is great. Even practice all by yourself is helpful. However, you will learn even faster if you make an effort to collaborate on projects with other crews. Other teams. Work with other directors. Don’t stay within your little bubble.

Other teams will do things differently than you do, and you will learn from them.

Chances are, they will learn something from you as well. In the process, you are networking and making strong connections for future projects and possibly even partnerships. Win-win.



6.  Find a mentor
A common piece of advice for any aspiring professional is to find someone who is 2 steps ahead of you and reach out to them.

Why only 2 steps?

If you look too far ‘above your station’, your chances of getting a response are much lower. Steven Spielberg isn’t going to reply to your Facebook message. But a local production company owner or director who has a couple of feature films under his belt just might.

The reason you should look for a mentor is the same reason you should take advantage of books, articles, courses, and other knowledge that experienced pros have shared.

What makes a mentor different is they can actually help you get hands-on experience, specialized knowledge, and help you with unusual problems or questions.

How do you find a mentor? Good question. You can find mentors on sets where you are helping out, networking events, or you can reach out to production companies.

How to Become a Movie Director - 9 Tips for Success
But how do you ask someone to be your mentor?

Well, you don’t really just come out and ask them. Don’t be so blunt and say, “will you be my mentor?” It comes across as a request for a large commitment, which can be a turn off for someone who’s very busy. It’s a bit unnatural as well.

Let the relationship develop naturally.

Make it seem like a small commitment for them in order to make it a more attractive request.


Ask them for a limited, defined piece of their time. “Can I reach out to you once in a while with a quick question? I would really appreciate any information you could provide.” Or, simply ask if you can have their contact info in case you have a question and could really use their expertise.

People love to feel important and valued, so the chances they will say no to that request are very low. Another thing you could ask is, “would you mind if I came into your studio/on set some time to see how you do things? I really want to learn and I’m happy to help out. Alternatively, I can just observe if you’d prefer that.”

Just make sure that you are more of a help than a hindrance. If that means being a silent ‘fly-on-the-wall’, so be it. Make sure they will want to have you around again and talk with you.



7.  Hone your people skills
As a director or freelancer of any kind, your people skills are incredibly important to your success. A lot of this industry is about networking, communication, diplomacy, and managing or leading people.  


So, it stands to reason you need to constantly work on those skills if you want to be a director.

In particular, you should be putting regular time into networking. Connect with new people, reconnect with people you thought were good to know, and maintain relationships.

Business is about people working together, in the end, so stay at the forefront of people’s minds and make sure they like being around you.

As a director, I find it especially important to learn and apply principles of a servant leader. People love to work with someone who genuinely appreciates their input, cares for their team, and is a strong decision-maker.

Learning these qualities can help you put together a terrific crew.



8.  Stay outside your comfort zone
The place where you will make the most progress is always somewhere between comfortable and stressed. There is a place where a moderate amount of stress and new experience will help you grow.

Most people just call that ‘getting outside of your comfort zone’, but science backs me up on this. Good stress is a real thing. On one extreme side of that good stress is laziness and backtracking, and on the other side is a panic attack.

How to Become a Movie Director - 9 Tips for Success (1)
How do you stay in the middle of that spectrum? Here’s the warning sign: If you feel complacent or like things are too easy, take on a new challenge. That’s what I do.

If I feel like I’m slipping into laziness and not being productive, I first recognize what’s happening. Then, I find some kind of project that I can work on to keep my skills up to speed and learn something.

Whether that’s tackling a writing project, shooting a practice scene for a technique you haven’t tried, or making a film, do something. On the other hand, you can fend off overwhelming stress by instituting good daily habits that will stabilize your life: good diet, adequate sleep, stress outlets (friends, family support, exercise), a regular schedule and rituals, etc.



9.  Make your first movie
This is really a suggestion. But… if your goal is to make a feature film someday, you need to do it at some point, right?

Here’s my biggest tip for you: Don’t wait until everything is ‘just right’. It will never happen!

If you’re a perfectionist or a planner like me, this is especially difficult. You want things to be set up and planned out just-so, so your film can be the perfect masterpiece you want it to be. A great saying is that ‘perfect is the enemy of good’.

In other words, if you don’t take the leap at some point and simply do it, your goal of perfection will keep you from creating anything, much less anything good.


This also holds true for any large project, including short films, writing a feature film screenplay, or shooting a full feature film.

Take it from someone who has been there, done that. When I made my first film, I had a great partner, and though I hadn’t learned this lesson yet, he had. He knew that if we didn’t just start, even though we didn’t feel ready, our film would never happen.

(By the way, that’s why having a good partner for your first movie is a great idea!)



How to become a movie director (one step at a time!)
1. Should I go to film school, or figure it out myself? Film school and self-teaching have their own pros and cons, but I strongly suggest checking out all the resources out there before you take the leap and spend money on film school.

2. Get on any film set you can, in any role. By immersing yourself in the world of filmmaking, you will soak up all sorts of knowledge. This is especially great for those not getting a formal education, as it will help fill in any knowledge gaps.

3. Get experience in different crew roles. By being well-rounded, you can pitch in when you need to for your films. Your knowledge will also make you better at communicating and working with different crew types.

4. Self-educate with books, videos, articles, and courses. Take the time to educate yourself as much as possible – but don’t forget to get out there and apply it.

5. Write, shoot, edit, collaborate, repeat. The only way you get better at filmmaking, storytelling, and directing is by making films. (Whoa, no way!) Go make some films, then find people to collaborate in different capacities so you can learn what other people are doing.

6. Find a mentor. A mentor is great at sharing very detailed, in-depth knowledge that you might not find online, where a majority of content is directed at beginners. They can also answer specific questions when problems arise and you can’t find the answer any other way.

7. Hone your people skills. Filmmaking involves working with people. Lots of them. So naturally, you need to make sure you can communicate effectively, are enjoyable to work with, and can network.

8. Stay outside your comfort zone. You don’t want to end up having a panic attack from stress overload… but you also don’t want to become so comfortable that you are complacent. Keep growing by challenging yourself periodically.

9. Make your first movie. You want to be a director, right? Remember that there will never be a perfect time, nor will you ever have everything you think you need to make a film. Eventually, you have to make the leap.

Well, this was an enjoyable article to write. I had to think back to when I got started – and what I wish I knew (and applied).

I sincerely hope that if you are an aspiring director or filmmaker of any kind reading this, that you found something valuable for you. If you did, you can get more stuff like this every week by subscribing below.

I hope you will join our Storyteller community! I answer questions for my subscribers who reply to my emails.

Best of luck to you – get to work on that dream of yours!
2

Directing, Filmmaking, Visual Storytelling
Practice, practice, practice!

As the saying goes, you need to put 10,000 hours of practice into something to become a phenomenal practitioner of that thing. (It might actually take less than 10,000 hours, but that’s another story.) Well, it may hurt to think about how much time that means you really need to put in to become a master of your craft. I get that.

Don’t think about it too hard. Just practice when you get the chance and make it a habit.

So, a great way to become a great filmmaker is by practicing some of the most common scenes.

Each of these scene types reveals something important about your characters, create or resolve a conflict, or advance the story, so they are important to get under your belt if you haven’t tried shooting them before.

This article from Yeah Write! goes into depth about the elements of a scene, what makes a scene work, and what the goal of a scene is.

Basically, a scene mimics an entire film in that it has a beginning, middle, and end, and should reveal something about your characters as they make active decisions toward a goal.

That said, you need to make sure your scene has all the important elements of drama to make it effective and not simply a filler scene.


The dinner scene

This scene is deceptively simple. The mistake I made when I got started as a filmmaker was thinking that having a ‘normal’ dinner scene showed that my main character was a family man (or something like that). Just by having it in there.

Instead, the scene felt fake, because there was no conflict within the scene–what family never has conflict at the dinner table?

By having no conflict, my characters revealed nothing about themselves, and the story was not advanced. It was essentially a waste of time.

A dinner scene (or any meal, really) is a great opportunity for storytelling. You are taking your audience and inserting them into one of the most private moments anyone has; eating a meal at home, away from the prying eyes of the public.

They are probably at their most relaxed and vulnerable and may reveal something about themselves.

What if they are eating with family, but are totally clammed up and uneasy? Or, perhaps your character is eating all alone in a small apartment littered with cigarette butts and empty bottles.

See what I mean?

Quick Tip: think about the setting of the meal, the people present, and what their goals are during the meal in order to reveal more about your characters in this scene. This breakdown by YouTube channel “Now You See It” goes into depth on how powerful dining scenes are.



The foot chase scene

This type of scene is both fun to shoot but also challenging to pull off. Using the right kinds of shots, lenses/focal lengths, and editing to make the scene feel energetic and intense is not as simple as it might seem.

While you might not do very well on your first try, practicing and reviewing your work afterward is key to mastering this scene. If you can nail it down, it becomes a great tool for advancing the plot and injecting a little excitement into your film.

Remember, though, that the scene should reveal things about your character and your character should be doing it to achieve a specific goal.

If we don’t have a reason to care about the outcome of the chase, it won’t be interesting. Is he lazy, an overachiever, overconfident? Perhaps he is chasing a criminal but intentionally lets him get away, revealing he may be hiding something?

Quick Tip: use long lenses to shoot characters moving side to side, and use wider lenses to shoot characters moving toward or away from the camera – that will make them seem to move more quickly than they are. You can also get great results by tracking behind or in front of a character.



The fist-fight scene

If you go ahead and practice this, you don’t have to do anything too crazy. However, knowing how to shoot a fight is good to know how to do in a pinch. Ever needed to just have a character punch someone in the face?

Beginner filmmakers can have a hard time selling this single, straightforward action on camera.

It certainly confused me at first!

Like the foot chase, a fist fight comes with a variety of technical challenges, since you have to ‘cheat’ the position of your actors and camera to simulate that they are actually striking each other.

As far as storytelling goes, a fist fight or physical struggle is a legitimate method for a character to attempt resolving a conflict or issue.

Your character may even be making a bad decision, but it’s a strong choice that reveals much about your him, nonetheless.

You just have to make sure that physical altercations advance the story and aren’t there just for their own sake.

Quick Tip: the actor’s arm/fist should always hide the gap between their fist and the other actors face, like Ryan Connolly demonstrates in the below video breakdown.

Oh, and for a good laugh, check this out.



The travelling scene

Travelling scenes aren’t just for cookie-cutter transitions!

This is a multi-purpose scene in that it can really tell your audience a lot–if you use it well.

A traveling scene can range from a montage of your character going on an epic journey, to traveling from one city to the next, or even just walking a few blocks.

However, in that rather short span of time, the audience sees many things.

Environment. World-building. Tone. Character attitude. How the character interacts with his world. How they fit into the world.

Do they ignore their surroundings? Do people avoid them? Do they take the back alleys, looking around cautiously? Do people spit insults at them?

Is their world busy and full of stimulus? Is it a slow country town?

Give your audience a sense of the world your character inhabits, and tell them a bit about who they are and what they do.

Travel scenes are often used as a transition, such as going from one city to the next as a matter of plot progression, but you should always try to use that time to show your audience something about your character.

Quick Tip: take a look at a scene where your character is traveling. Think about the layers of information you can convey through this scene–who, what, when, where, and why–and try to communicate more than the obvious through your travel scene.


The exposition scene

Exposition: “the insertion of important background information within a story; for example, information about the setting, characters’ backstories, prior plot events, historical context, etc.” (Wikipedia)

The rule of thumb for filmmakers is ‘show, don’t tell’. This is incredibly important. You should always look for ways to build vital information into your story through characters’ actions and their world.

Exposition, if done badly, tends to tell, not show. So, only once you have built as much information into the scene as possible through non-dialogue means should you use dialogue.

At that point, dialogue can be a good way to communicate information (like in this great breakdown of how to use dialogue), but you need to get to the point, and you need to make it interesting!

Don’t have your characters sitting and doing nothing but chatting, pandering to the audience. Not only is that boring, but… well, that’s actually a great reason not to do it.

Part of your job is to entertain the audience.

A way to handle exposition is ‘the walk and talk’.

Sometimes the walk and talk can double as a traveling scene (from one location to another) and way to deliver exposition. It can show a lot about the character’s world, their busy life, and deliver information that will be important for later in the story.

The video below hints at some ways you might effectively use text and dialogue to communicate information without pandering to your audience.

You can also use a traveling scene as an opportunity to have characters deliver important information while also getting to a critical next step for the story. This might be traveling on a plane, bus, in a car, or another mode of transportation.

Quick Tip: try to communicate as much information as possible with action, tone, and world-building. Whatever you need to tell the audience through dialogue, have your characters say it while doing something relevant or interesting. Traveling, Building something, cooking, cracking jokes, struggling to get the kids to the dinner table, hiking to their hunting blind… anything–just keep it entertaining.

Oh, and then there’s this:



Try these and many more

Like I said, the key is to practice. This is obviously not an exhaustive list of the types of scenes, the ways you can execute them, or what you should try. Regardless, I’d encourage you to bust out a camera, call a couple of friends, and go try out these scenes. Good luck!





1

Leadership, Self-Development
“Alright everyone, great work today. That’s a wrap!”

A very familiar phrase. Without hesitation, the crew is packing the gear. They’re eager to get home and plop into bed from exhaustion. For good reason.

But have you ever heard (or said) this?

“Alright everyone, great work today – that’s a wrap! But don’t forget, department heads, key people, let’s get together and have our usual AAR before we head home.” 


Say what? Everyone is mentally and physically exhausted. Who wants to stay longer than absolutely necessary? I, for one, would prefer to go home and relax.

But it’s also killing your productions.

Why, you ask? Because seeking feedback and implementing continual improvements is the key to being a successful filmmaker. Whether you are a director, producer, cinematographer… it doesn’t matter.

So what is this AAR thing – what can the Army teach you to be a better filmmaker?

A culture of systems and constant improvement

The United States Army is given form through a combination of history, tradition, regulation, and training. These are all systems of behavior and mentalities. They are processes to be followed, whether technical, administrative, or moral.

These things, as much as being well-funded and equipped, are what make the United States armed forces so disciplined and effective.

Even when encountering terrible odds, Soldiers are trained to adapt and overcome. Though filmmakers are facing vastly less adversity and danger than warriors on the battlefield, Soldiers have many principles in common with filmmakers when it comes to completing the mission successfully.

Both ventures require thorough planning, the direction of large groups of people completing specialized tasks, and the placement and usage of specialized equipment to reach a shared goal. All the pieces must move with efficiency and in harmony to create a single desired result, and this is no small feat.

When you add the creative and unscientific results required from film, it gets even more complicated.

So, how does the Army keep things relevant and keep from stagnating or repeating the same errors? When it comes to matters of life and death, Soldiers often don’t get the luxury of making the same error twice.

The subsequent result is the process I’ve been through innumerable times while in the Army, and have applied to my filmmaking as well.

The After Action Review

The after action review (AAR) is a powerful tool that the Army leverages constantly. It’s something we do after any major event, training or otherwise. No matter our mood or exhaustion, we still do it.

So what is this AAR, exactly?

An AAR is an event-focused, results-oriented review that allows you to determine what you should do next time to be more successful.

This is useful and relevant whether your project went well or not, for small events and massive ventures alike.

What does an AAR consist of?

There are four elements to an after action review.

The Goal: what were our goals?

The Result: did we accomplish what we set out to do? If not, which goals did we meet versus fail to meet?

Sustains: what did we do right this time around, or what did we do that worked very well, that we should carry on for the next project? (List as many as you can think of)

Improves: what did we do poorly at, or what did not work very well? For each of those things, what can we do next time to avoid the problem or improve the process?

Okay, those are the elements.

But how does this AAR work, exactly?

An AAR is usually a group activity and can include anyone who may have a useful perspective to contribute to the discussion.


Remember, the goal of this event-oriented review is to improve performance. It has nothing to do with your vanity, and you should hang your ego at the door. Only people who care about getting better will do this, and only people who can put aside their ego will see large leaps of growth as filmmakers.

Applying AARs to real life

‘Yeah, theory is great, Nick. Give me something actionable’.

Will do.

How to run an AAR:

1. Call the meeting. Don’t skip it just because you and your team are tired, but if it comes down to a safety issue, use your best judgment. The key to this tool being effective is consistency over time.

Sure, using it a handful of times will certainly help, but imagine the improvements you can make in the long run if you force yourself to consistently evaluate your performance and apply real feedback. If you just say, ‘oh, let’s not worry about it this time,’ you’ll make it a habit. Being consistent is hard, but it will pay dividends.

2. Make all present at the meeting participate. Naturally, some people will not feel motivated to participate. This is normal. Some are less outspoken than others, really tired, or just don’t feel like it.

By doing this group review, you are combining everyone’s brainpower and perspectives for a short time to create supercharged, actionable notes for the future. Subsequently, if you aren’t getting everyone’s perspective, it’s likely important aspects will be missed.


Sometimes, people have genuinely unique perspectives on an issue that are helpful, while at other times one person may remember something that everyone else simply forgot about.

You should get at least one ‘sustain’ and one ‘improve’ from everyone in the group, if not more. If you don’t have everyone participate, others may follow suit and clam up.

3. Execute to standard, not time. This is a very common saying in the Army. Often there are tasks that simply must be completed properly – to a high standard – before anyone can move on.

You should apply this mindset to your after action review. If you skimp and accelerate the AAR to save a few minutes, you do yourself and your team a disservice because the feedback won’t be nearly as good.

Of course, you should make your AAR a reasonable length. Usually reviewing a day or two’s work in an AAR should take no longer than 20 minutes. The length will scale with the scope of the project you are reviewing.

‘But what if I’m really short on time and–’


Don’t make excuses. Make it happen. A good alternative to a formalized AAR process is the ‘carpool AAR’. Chat with your producer, actors, or whoever may be carpooling with you on the way home from set. If you aren’t carpooling, call up your team members and chat on the way home.

Next time you see their name pop up on Facebook messenger, shoot them a message and pick their brain. Have a group call on Skype or Google Hangouts. The point is to get feedback, so if you absolutely must skip the AAR, find another way.

4. Document everything. This is straightforward. If you don’t document all of the information you gather during the AAR, what good does it do you? Unless you have a perfect memory (actually, even if you do) make sure all of this stuff gets written down.

You can assign a ‘scribe’ at the meeting or take the notes yourself, but you should focus on facilitating the discussion so that you can extract all the important feedback you can.

Sure, if you don’t write it down, it’s better you did it than not. But chances are everyone will forget a lot of what was said, and part of the value of the AAR is its thoroughness.

Your notes will come in handy later and are great to pull up and read before another similar project, or to share with teammates on a service like Google Drive.

5. Actually reference the notes and apply them. If you never look at the notes again once they’ve been written and don’t do anything with the information, what’s the point?

If I’ve piqued your interest and you want to take a deeper look at the Army’s AAR process, this video will help you have a better understanding of how to apply this great tool.

In summary: 4 ways to adapt and overcome

1. Not consistently reviewing your performance and adjusting is killing your productions. Start using some sort of evaluation process, formal or not.

2. Create a culture of constant improvement by accepting critique and encouraging others to provide feedback. Focus on results.

3. Prevent stagnation by implementing the Army’s after-action review (AAR) process.

4. Adapt and overcome! Apply the feedback you gather to make each production more successful than the last.

I’d love to hear from any of you creative hustlers out there. What are your habits like when it comes to seeking feedback?

Have any great stories of adapting and overcoming the challenges of production? Feel free to message me any time.

2

Filmmaking, Self-Development
Doing the stuff you don’t feel like doing

Fear. Laziness. Discomfort. Weariness.

Filmmakers often face these obstacles.

I’m no exception. Especially when it’s not just a day or two, but a long form project that seems to stretch on forever, never-ending…

Ultimately, these are human weaknesses, though creatives often face unusual challenges due to the function of our minds. Creative, but scattered. Enjoy starting something new, but lack follow-through. Being introverted, yet being in a position that demands interaction.

These things can pile up and overwhelm you. But if you want your film to be the best it can be, you have to fight it. You will learn to, and I’ll share how I was faced with these issues, encouraged to overcome them, and learned (by necessity or by choice) to grow from them.

I hope that you can do the same – maybe before you get on set again!

This week’s specific topics:

1. Don’t ask? Don’t expect anything to happen.

2. Throw your hands up – if you want to fail.

3. Sloths don’t shoot feature films.

Each time you fail to ask someone for help out of fear of rejection, are tired and make a dozen excuses to not push forward… your film will reflect these things. Poor lighting. An ineffective scene. A nonsensical line of dialogue. You can often trace them back to one of three things: inexperience, lack of resources, or ‘letting it go’.

These sit, more or less, within the ‘letting it go’ category.

As filmmakers, we know when that’s the case. And it’s more often than we’d like to admit.

This is one of the beautiful challenges that filmmaking forces us to face – facing those inadequacies and strengthening them, or continuing to create poor quality work.

Don’t ask? Don’t expect anything to happen

My producing partner and I sit outside a mom-and-pop restaurant. The concrete is starting to get hot. It’s 10:30am in Phoenix, in the Summer, and the location owner is nowhere to be found.

We text. We call and leave voicemails. But there’s not a peep.

We’d done everything by the book. We had locked the location weeks earlier, followed up with him a week, several days, and the day before our shoot to make sure everything was good to go. He promised it was.

Our actors were showing up at noon.

It’s nearing 11am. My initial reaction is one of defeat. We might as well call it quits today. Try again another day.

“Well, this sucks. What the heck is that guy’s deal? He promises to be here and just doesn’t show up?” I bet he’s sleeping, I think. It’s hard enough to lock down a restaurant for 2 whole days of shooting, much less for free.

My partner, Joseph, replies.

“Yeah.”

Joe is a man who never uses many words when fewer will suffice.


He thinks for a moment, while I stew unproductively, expecting us to go home and tell our actors we will reschedule.

Nope. Joe insists that we need to make it happen. We can’t just put it off. He’s right, of course, and I grudgingly agree. I’m being lazy (we’ll get to that later). I don’t feel like it’s realistic that we will somehow be able to find a location so last-minute.

So, in the most impromptu manner possible, we decided to drive around a bit and hopefully find a similar location nearby. We turned left onto the road in our mini-convoy, traveling about a half-mile before we hit a sparsely populated strip mall. There weren’t very many vehicles in the parking lot on a Sunday morning.

‘Cafe’, said a poorly designed, but newly placed banner above the building.


Joe and I shrug our shoulders. Might as well give it a shot, I suppose. It was open.


I fully expect to get a ‘no’. After all, we are asking to shoot basically right now for four hours or so, and arrange another shoot day of about 6-8 hours – an action scene, no less – for no compensation at all and no insurance.


Ironically enough, Joe has me do the talking. He spurs me to action, despite my protests. He tells me I’d do a better job talking to the staff. I nervously agreed to try. I wasn’t terribly confident in this arena.

The small cafe-style restaurant is minimally staffed, and I walk up to a middle-aged woman who looks busy and in-charge. I awkwardly approach and tell her that we are shooting an indie film and our location dropped out on us last minute. Their restaurant is ‘perfect’ for our scene and we wonder if we could shoot there. I give her all the details on what we needed.


“Sounds good to me. My boss is right over there, I’ll talk to him about it.”


Whoa, that’s a convenient twist.


She walks over to her boss, chatted for a minute.


“Yeah, he said it’s fine. And you can come on another day too, when we aren’t too busy.”


Incredible.

I mean, the chances of everything working out like that seem fairly slim, right? Sure.

But that’s not the point.

The point is that there are opportunities, possibilities, and alternate options out there, waiting for you. When things go wrong, when you can’t find what you need or the rug gets pulled out from beneath you, if you don’t pursue new solutions, nothing will happen.


You must go out and courageously pursue solutions. If you ask, you will receive. Or you might–and I don’t know about you, but I think those odds are way better than no chance at all.

If you ask, as they say, ‘the worst that can happen is they tell you no’.

More importantly, if you don’t ask, they never get the chance to say yes.

The lesson:

One thing that is important to note is that in this circumstance, my natural inclination on a long-term project (without any real external pressures to stick to timelines and such) was not ‘the show must go on!’. Instead, I would have simply called things off.

When I started out as a filmmaker, sometimes I’d rather avoid confrontation and feared being denied, turned down, and rejected.

It was also laziness and lack of follow-through.

The biggest problem for me in this situation is that I would’ve rather stayed comfortable, in my little bubble, interacting with the few people I needed to, just enough to get by. I wouldn’t have gone out and talked to random people if Joe hadn’t encouraged me to do so, even though it would’ve meant delaying the film’s completion, inconveniencing crew and cast, and getting a worse location down the road.


I still have these issues, but they aren’t as pronounced as they used to be.

This story highlights a couple of things. Firstly, it’s important to intentionally force yourself to leave your bubble of comfort. Face some discomfort. You’ll adapt and grow, and your film will be better as a result. It will become less difficult. It will allow you to do things like approach people you never would otherwise. You’ll be pleasantly surprised who might be willing to help you out and give you a chance.

Secondly, the fact that my partner, Joe, kept me accountable to getting results for our film is what made our film possible. This is why I advocate for first-time feature filmmakers to find someone you can trust and make a film together. Having that angel on your shoulder (and you being the shoulder on theirs) is invaluable.

On the other hand, that means that if you are going it alone, you will have to be your own ‘rock’. You need to hold yourself to a standard. Set concrete goals and make yourself stick to them. Build in accountability for yourself by setting expectations for people around you (like cast and crew) that depend on you getting results.

If you have something you feel you have to live up to, you’ll be more willing to go out and ask the difficult questions.

Throw your hands up – if you want to fail

1 month of preparation. Not enough time to cast. Last minute pickup and assembly of equipment. Unexpected rental car fees. A 3 hour drive to a location night-shoot. In summary: multiple near heart-attacks (at least for me) leading up to the shoot.

I meet with the crew at a predetermined point in Phoenix, ensuring we have all our ducks in a row to convoy to the shoot.

We trek to the location, and the crew arrives as I survey the location, reminding myself of all its details, deciding for good where I’ll shoot this or that bit of the film. I mentally prepare for a long night of shooting.


I’m excited. Focused. Anxious.


We get settled in, staging the equipment and having a safety meeting. Now it’s time to get to work…

Setting up the DIY, PVC rain rig. By the way, the entire shoot hinges on this rig working.

All the scenes take place in the rain.

That’s one heck of a piece of equipment to put so much faith in, but since I had tested it prior to the shoot, I didn’t have a lot of concerns.

This is the video where we tested the rain rig.


 

I ask my key grip and PAs to go set up the rig on this little beam on the side of the building so it can cover our scene. It’s still daylight and we have plenty of time. So far, so good, right?

They get it set up, more or less, and turn it on, but it’s another half hour before it works properly. I think we are making good time.


Murphy’s law strikes: the glue on a fitting fails and the pressure of the rain rig drops to nothing as water floods out of the breached connection.

We fix it with gaff tape (of course). It’s a temporary solution at best.

Rinse and repeat – we wrap the same connection several times before it functions. When we start shooting, things go smoothly, except for every couple of hours when we have to repair the gaff connection since the hot tap water is melting the adhesive.

Hurdle 1 completed.

I could go on ad nauseum, so suffice it to say that these and other normal on-set surprises occurred throughout the night. Our actress was freezing from the rain, our rain rig kept falling into further disrepair, and our location building started leaking and taking on water from the rig.

Toward the end of the night and after a few re-rigging sessions, the rain rig is totally busted. It sputters water every which way, the spray isn’t consistent, and it didn’t look good (in my opinion). I’m not happy. My crew is exhausted and impatient, understandably. The rain rig needs repair every 15 minutes, then 10, then 5…


We rush to get our last shots, as our actress freezes from the wind and water and cold, and we desperately attempt to fix our failing rain rig, while sticking to the schedule.

But finally, we wrapped.

The lesson:


We persevered. We got it done. The footage looked great. In this scenario, it was clear to me that we didn’t have the option of rescheduling or finishing the second half of the shoot another day.

There was no way the budget could accommodate that, and so the decision was simple.

However, my first instinct was still that we should resume another day. So, when circumstances make it incredibly difficult for you to throw your hands up and decide to figure it out another day, that’s convenient.

But what about when the stakes are lower? When you have flexibility? When it doesn’t seem like ‘that big a deal’ to reschedule?

For example, I did a short film where the night before, we learned it would probably rain. In my mind, that meant the shoot would be ruined. I actually used this particular film shoot to explain why visual planning is incredibly important for directors and will make or break your film.



 

I argue that you should decide beforehand to push through whatever challenges you face leading up to the shoot. Dedicate yourself to an attitude of perseverance and problem-solving.

While you may think things can’t possibly work out, you’d be surprised what you can accomplish with some ingenuity and a stick-to-it attitude.

The bottom line is this:

Murphy’s law is very real. What can go wrong, will, and if you want your film to succeed, you must learn to persevere and push through those circumstances. You must commit to getting things done, despite your circumstances.

The moment you give up is the moment you truly fail.

After all, you can’t tell the future, and if you decide ahead of time that you won’t succeed, you’re right.

Sloths don’t shoot feature films

The day had finally come.

The last day of shooting for me and Joe’s first feature film. One last sprint to the finish.

One last painful reach for our wallets to pay for our film, and one last long day of shooting.

Our last scene was set on the roof of a warehouse, which was probably the most inhospitable place we could have selected for a night shoot in December.

It was a bitterly cold and windy night and we were on set from about 5pm to sunup the next day. Frankly, it wasn’t a terribly exciting scene to film either, in my opinion, despite its importance to the film. One crew member, who is also a good friend of mine, came to me privately and complained. ‘Why do we have to do this scene up here?’

Could we have picked an easier time, place, or method to do the finale shoot?

Yes.


 

At the time, we thought that using this location would have the best dramatic effect and make the most sense. Aside from whether it was ultimately effective or not, we thought it was important to give it our best shot.

While my friend’s complaints were understandable, they were also very demoralizing for me. His comments affected me because my natural response was the same as his. His comments drew attention to something I was already aware of but was trying to ignore. Of course I would have preferred ease to difficulty. But sometimes, you just have to slug through the shoot.

Sometimes, there’s no substitute for hard work. Even something we enjoy doing can become quite un-fun.


The lesson:


Learn to combat the lazy instinct we all have. Laziness is the root of many excuses to not do things we need to do. It gives us reasons to evade anything.

Don’t be tricked by this instinct. We all have it, and there’s no shame in admitting as much, but you should learn to counter it.


Identify whether there are any other legitimate reasons for not doing something, but don’t allow your lazy instinct to dictate how you plan or what you shoot.


Learn to do the things you don’t want to

All of this lesson stuff is easier said than done. You’re going to fail, repeatedly. That’s okay.

What’s important is that you continue to struggle. If you find yourself complacent, never questioning yourself, and never kicking yourself for falling short, there’s a good chance you’ve fallen into the comfortable track of the person who does hard things only when they want to. The selectively hard worker. An evader of discomfort.

I’ve born these titles before (and still do from time-to-time) and I’m not alone.

Keep pushing yourself out of your comfort zone. Your films will improve, and you will be a better person. Remember:


1. Don’t ask? Don’t expect anything to happen.
When your way forward to success involves asking people for help or talking to random people, get out and give it a try. In the end, you will only have yourself to blame for not stepping up to the challenge and breaking out of your bubble.


It helps to have a friend or partner who challenges you and provides encouragement.


2. Throw your hands up – if you want to fail.
Take a wall in your way as a challenge to overcome. Commit prior to your shoot that you will be a problem-solver and find a way forward.

You may find ways to tackle those problems in the future that you would have otherwise not discovered.


You will be more committed if others are relying on you to come through.


3. Sloths don’t shoot feature films. 
Identify whether there are real reasons for not doing something, but don’t allow your laziness to dictate your plans.


As always, I wish you the best. Get out there, challenge yourself, and make some great films.

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